D and calcium are important for normal skeletal growth and for maintaining the mechanical and structural integrity of the skeleton. Even though secure inferences from randomized controlled trials on the prevention of osteoporotic fracture with calcium and vitamin D supplementation are very limited, expe- cially in women within the first years of menopause, these compounds [...]
In addition to its role in postmenopausal and involutional osteoporosis, calcitriol was used in the treatment of secondary osteoporosis, especially corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis and post-transplantation bone loss. Corticosteroids result in impaired gastrointestinal absorption of calcium and increased urinary calcium loss leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism with enhanced bone resorption, as well as having direct inhibitory effects on [...]
The 1 a-hydroxylated forms of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxychole- calciferol or calcitriol, and 1 a-hydroxy-cholecalciferol or alfacal- cidiol, have been proposed as possible therapies for osteoporosis. Both compounds strongly stimulate the intestinal calcium absorption, and the response is dose-dependent (Fig. 5). This leads to a suppression of PTH secretion and a decrease in bone turnover. Over [...]
Moreover, both vitamin D alone (vitamin D2 300,000 IU single injection or oral vitamin D3 800 IU/day) and vitamin D associated with calcium resulted in a small but significant improvement in BMD, suppressed parathyroid hormone, and reduced falls as compared to controls in a recent secondary prevention study. Even though most studies documented a positive [...]
Relatively small changes in vitamin D status may have significant effects on bone mass. This justifies the use of vitamin D and its active metabolites in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, since vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency has been found to be frequent in the elderly as well as in postmenopausal women, particularly during [...]
Calcium and vitamin D are recognized as essential nutrients throughout life for skeletal growth and maintenance of bone mass. Calcium is the prevalent mineral of bone and its absorption from the intestine depends on vitamin D. Convincing evidence has been given that dietary calcium intake is positively related to BMD in children and adolescents. In [...]
Vitamin D is important for bone, for its essential role in promoting intestinal calcium absorption and mineralization of bone matrix. The major source of vitamin D is the skin, where it is produced by the action of ultraviolet light on steroid precursors. Vitamin D is also present in a limited number of foods, and the [...]
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